![]() ![]() He describes a deck with sixteen picture cards with images of the Greek gods and suits depicting four kinds of birds, not the common suits. Picture-card packs are first mentioned by Martiano da Tortona probably between 14, since in 1418 the painter he mentions, Michelino da Besozzo, returned to Milan while Martiano himself died in 1425. Giacomo Casanova wrote in his diary that in 1765 his Russian mistress frequently used a deck of playing cards for divination. But manuscripts from 1735 ( The Square of Sevens) and 1750 ( Pratesi Cartomancer) document rudimentary divinatory meanings for the cards of the tarot as well as a system for laying out the cards. ĭivination using playing cards is in evidence as early as 1540 in a book entitled The Oracles of Francesco Marcolino da Forli which allows a simple method of divination, though the cards are used only to select a random oracle and have no meaning in themselves. The oldest surviving Tarot cards are from fifteen fragmented decks painted in the mid 15th century for the Visconti-Sforza family, the rulers of Milan. The first literary evidence of the existence of carte da trionfi is a written statement in the court records in Ferrara, in 1442. These new decks were originally called carte da trionfi, triumph cards, and the additional cards known simply as trionfi, which became "trumps" in English. The first known Tarot cards were created between 14 in Milan, Ferrara and Bologna in northern Italy when additional trump cards with allegorical illustrations were added to the common four-suit pack. Wide use of playing cards in Europe can, with some certainty, be traced from 1377 onwards. ![]() The first documentary evidence is a ban on their use in 1367, Bern, Switzerland. Playing cards first entered Europe in the late 14th century, probably from Mamluk Egypt, with suits very similar to the Tarot suits of Swords, Staves, Cups and Coins (also known as disks, and pentacles) and those still used in traditional Italian, Spanish and Portuguese decks. According to a French etymology, the Italian tarocco derived from tara: "devaluation of a merchandise deduction, the act of deducting". Alternatively, it may be from the Arabic tarach, "reject". Other writers believe it comes from the Arabic word turuq (طرق), which means "pathways". One theory relates the name "tarot" to the Taro River in northern Italy, near Parma the game seems to have originated in northern Italy, in Milan or Bologna. The English and French word tarot derives from the Italian tarocchi, which has no known origin or etymology. 6.3.1.2 Crowley-Harris Book of Thoth deck.6.2 Non-occult Italian-suited Tarot decks.4 Divinatory, esoteric and occult tarot.The cards are traced by some occult writers to ancient Egypt or the Kabbalah but there is no documented evidence of such origins or of the usage of tarot for divination before the eighteenth century. Occultists call the trump cards and the Fool "the major arcana" while the ten pip and four court cards in each suit are called minor arcana. In English-speaking countries, where these games are largely unknown, Tarot cards are now used primarily for divinatory purposes. Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play card games. Rabelais gives tarau as the name of one of the games played by Gargantua in his Gargantua and Pantagruel this is likely the earliest attestation of the French form of the name. Depending on the game, the Fool may act as the top trump or may be played to avoid following suit. In addition, the tarot is distinguished by a separate 21-card trump suit and a single card known as the Fool. ![]() Each of these suits has pip cards numbering from ace to ten and four face cards for a total of fourteen cards. The tarot has four suits corresponding to the suits of conventional playing cards. From the late 18th century until the present time the Tarot has also found use by mystics and occultists in efforts at divination or as a map of mental and spiritual pathways. The tarot (first known as tarocchi, also tarock and similar names), Template:Pron-en, is a pack of cards (most commonly numbering seventy-eight), used from the mid fifteenth century in various parts of Europe to play card games such as Italian Tarocchini and French Tarot. The Devil card is a 20th-century remake of the card supposedly missing from the original 15th-century deck. Template:Otheruses4 File:Viscontisforzatarot.jpg ![]()
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